{"product_id":"jim-crow-north-the-struggle-for-equal-rights-in-antebellum-new-england-9780190676643","title":"Jim Crow North: The Struggle for Equal Rights in Antebellum New England","description":"More than a century before Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus, Shadrach Howard, David Ruggles, Frederick Douglass, and others had rejected demands that they relinquish their seats on various New England railroads. They were protesting segregation on Jim Crow cars, a\u003cbr\u003eterm that originated in New England in 1839. Theirs was part of a larger movement for equal rights in antebellum New England. Using sit-ins, boycotts, petition drives, and other initiatives, African-American New Englanders and their white allies attempted to desegregate schools, transportation, \u003cbr\u003eneighborhoods, churches, and cultural venues. Above all they sought to be respected and treated as equals in a reputedly democratic society. \u003cem\u003eJim Crow North\u003c\/em\u003e is the tale of that struggle and the racism that prompted it. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eDespite widespread racism, black New Englanders were remarkably successful. By the advent of the Civil War African American men could vote and hold office in every New England state but Connecticut. Schools, except in the largest cities of Connecticut and Rhode Island, were integrated. Railroads, \u003cbr\u003estagecoaches, hotels, and cultural venues (with occasional aberrations) were free from discrimination. People of African descent and of European descent could marry one another and live peaceably, even in Maine and Rhode Island where such marriages were legally prohibited. There was an emerging, if\u003cbr\u003estill small, black middle class who benefitted most. But there were limits to progress. A majority of African-Americans in New England were mired in poverty preventing full equality both then and now.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e Richard Archer\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e Oxford University Press, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 10\/18\/2017\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 312\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eBinding Type:\u003c\/b\u003e Hardcover\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 1.35lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 9.30h x 6.40w x 1.10d\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN:\u003c\/b\u003e 9780190676643\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eReview Citation(s): \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eChoice\u003c\/i\u003e 05\/01\/2018\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRichard Archer is a Professor of History Emeritus at Whittier College. He is the author of two previous books on New England, \u003cem\u003eFissures in the Rock: New England in the Seventeenth Century\u003c\/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eAs If an Enemy's Country: The British Occupation of Boston and the Origins of Revolution.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Oxford University Press, USA","offers":[{"title":"Hardcover","offer_id":39929216565363,"sku":"9.78E+12","price":36.95,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0555\/9255\/0515\/products\/img_eb6d50a5-710c-4815-b5e4-17fb1aa866fa.jpg?v=1647611711","url":"https:\/\/bookstorenmore.com\/en-de\/products\/jim-crow-north-the-struggle-for-equal-rights-in-antebellum-new-england-9780190676643","provider":"Bookstore N More","version":"1.0","type":"link"}